Dum cooking uses steam trapped inside a sealed handi over low heat. The rice absorbs the masala's aroma as the layers finish cooking.
Prepare the rice and masala in layers
The meat or vegetables are seasoned separately from the rice. Basmati, slow-cooked masala, browned onions and whole spices are arranged in layers so the flavours move through the handi as it cooks.
Keep the steam inside
Sealing the handi holds in steam and aroma. Over low heat, the steam finishes the rice and tenderises the layers below. Opening the seal too early lets that steam escape.
Mix gently before serving
The grains near the masala carry a different flavour from the lighter rice above. Some have more saffron aroma. A gentle mix brings the layers together while keeping the grains separate.
Choose a portion for your meal
A 650 ml portion is intended for one person; larger handis work for sharing. For a party, consider the rest of the menu. Kebabs, gravies and dessert can reduce how much biryani each guest needs.